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KEMRI Journals & Articles: Recent submissions

  • Leishmaniasis recidivans by Leishmania tropica in Central Rift Valley Region in Kenya. 
    Gitari JW, Nzou SM, Wamunyokoli F, Kinyeru E, Fujii Y, Kaneko S, Mwau M. (International journal of infectious diseases, 2018-09)
    Objectives: This study sought to determine the endemic Leishmania species, the clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Central Rift Valley in Kenya and to give an account on unresponsiveness to treatment ...
  • Serological Profiling for Malaria Surveillance Using a Standard ELISA Protocol 
    Murungi LM, Kimathi RK, Tuju J, Kamuyu G, Osier FHA (Springer Link, 2019-07)
    The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a reliable and relatively low-cost method for measuring soluble ligands such as antibodies and proteins in biological samples. For analysis of specific antibodies in serum, ...
  • Variability in distribution and use of tuberculosis diagnostic tests in Kenya: a cross-sectional survey. 
    Oliwa JN, Maina J, Ayieko P, Gathara D, Kathure IA, Masini E, Van't Hoog AH, van Hensbroek MB, English M. (BMC Infectious Diseases, 2018-07)
    Background: Globally, 40% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases, 65% paediatric cases and 75% multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases are missed due to underreporting and/or under diagnosis. A recent Kenyan TB prevalence survey ...
  • Antimalarials: Review of Plasmepsins as Drug Targets and HIV Protease Inhibitors Interactions 
    Miller Iii WA, Teye J, Achieng AO, Mogire RM, Akala H, Ong'echa JM, Rathi B, Durvasula R, Kempaiah P, Kwofie SK (Bentham Science, 2019)
    Malaria is a major global health concern with the majority of cases reported in regions of South-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific, the Americas, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) ...
  • When Diabetes Confronts HIV: Biological Sub-citizenship at a Public Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. 
    Bosire E, Mendenhall E, Omondi GB, Ndetei D. (Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 2018-12)
    This article investigates how international donor policies cultivate a form of biological sub-citizenship for those with diabetes in Kenya. We interviewed 100 patients at a public hospital clinic in Nairobi, half with a ...
  • Understanding P. falciparum Asymptomatic Infections: A Proposition for a Transcriptomic Approach 
    Kimenyi KM, Wamae K, Ochola-Oyier LI (Frontiers, 2019-10)
    Malaria is still a significant public health burden in the tropics. Infection with malaria causing parasites results in a wide range of clinical disease presentations, from severe to uncomplicated or mild, and in the poorly ...
  • High-density lipoprotein suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha production by mycobacteria-infected human macrophages. 
    Inoue M, Niki M, Ozeki Y, Nagi S, Chadeka EA, Yamaguchi T, Osada-Oka M, Ono K, Oda T, Mwende F, Kaneko Y, Matsumoto M, Kaneko S, Ichinose Y, Njenga SM, Hamano S, Matsumoto S. (Scientific Reports, 2018-04)
    Immune responses to parasitic pathogens are affected by the host physiological condition. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are transporters of lipids between the liver and peripheral ...
  • Evaluating healthcare priority setting at the meso level: A thematic review of empirical literature. 
    Waithaka D, Tsofa B, Barasa E. (Wellcome Open Research, 2018-01)
    Background: Decentralization of health systems has made sub-national/regional healthcare systems the backbone of healthcare delivery. These regions are tasked with the difficult responsibility of determining healthcare ...
  • Mosquito microevolution drives Plasmodium falciparum dynamics 
    Gildenhard M, Rono EK, Diarra A, Boissière A, Bascunan P, Carrillo- Bustamante P, Camara D, Krüger H, Mariko M, Mariko R, Mireji P, Nsango SE, Pompon J, Reis Y, Rono MK, Seda PB, Thailayil J, Traorè A, Yapto CV, Awono- Ambene P, Dabiré RK, Diabaté A, Masiga D, Catteruccia F, Morlais I, Diallo M,Sangare D, Levashina EA (Nature, 2019-06)
    Malaria, a major cause of child mortality in Africa, is engendered by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. Fitness of Plasmodium parasites is closely linked to the ecology and evolution of ...
  • Mosquito arbovirus survey in selected areas of Kenya: detection of insect- specific virus. 
    Iwashita H, Higa Y, Futami K, Lutiali PA, Njenga SM, Nabeshima T, Minakawa N. (Tropical Med Health, 2018-06)
    Background: Many arboviral outbreaks have occurred in various locations in Kenya. Entomological surveys are suitable methods for revealing information about circulating arboviruses before human outbreaks are recognized. ...
  • Monitoring health systems readiness and inpatient malaria case-management at Kenyan county hospitals. 
    Zurovac D, Machini B, Kiptui R, Memusi D, Amboko B, Kigen S, Njiri P, Waqo E. (Malaria Journal, 2018-05)
    Background: Change of severe malaria treatment policy from quinine to artesunate, a major malaria control advance in Africa, is compromised by scarce data to monitor policy translation into practice. In Kenya, hospital ...
  • Guidelines for the management of paediatric cholera infection: a systematic review of the evidence 
    Williams PCM, Berkley JA. (Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2018-11)
    Background Vibrio cholerae is a highly motile Gram-negative bacterium which is responsible for 3 million cases of diarrhoeal illness and up to 100,000 deaths per year, with an increasing burden documented over the past ...
  • Attractive toxic sugar baits for controlling mosquitoes: a qualitative study in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. 
    Maia MF, Tenywa FC, Nelson H, Kambagha A, Ashura A, Bakari I, Mruah D, Simba A, Bedford A. (Malaria Journal, 2018-01)
    Background: Malaria elimination is unlikely to be achieved without the implementation of new vector control interventions capable of complementing insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. Attractive-toxic ...
  • Handling missing data in propensity score estimation in comparative effectiveness evaluations: a systematic review. 
    Malla L, Perera-Salazar R, McFadden E, Ogero M, Stepniewska K, English M. (Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, 2018-03)
    Aim: Even though systematic reviews have examined how aspects of propensity score methods are used, none has reviewed how the challenge of missing data is addressed with these methods. This review therefore describes how ...
  • Status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Kwale County, Coastal Kenya. 
    Kiuru CW, Oyieke FA, Mukabana WR, Mwangangi J, Kamau L, Muhia-Matoke D. (Malaria Journal, 2018-01)
    Background: The strategy for malaria vector control in the context of reducing malaria morbidity and mortality has been the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets to universal coverage and indoor residual spraying. ...
  • Complex interactions between malaria and malnutrition: a systematic literature review. 
    Das D, Grais RF, Okiro EA, Stepniewska K, Mansoor R, van der Kam S, Terlouw DJ, Tarning J, Barnes KI, Guerin PJ. (BMC Med, 2018-10)
    Background: Despite substantial improvement in the control of malaria and decreased prevalence of malnutrition over the past two decades, both conditions remain heavy burdens that cause hundreds of thousands of deaths ...
  • Risk of nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in African children is modified by STAT4. 
    Gilchrist JJ, Rautanen A, Fairfax BP, Mills TC, Naranbhai V, Trochet H, Pirinen M, Muthumbi E, Mwarumba S, Njuguna P, Mturi N, Msefula CL, Gondwe EN, MacLennan JM, Chapman SJ, Molyneux ME, Knight JC, Spencer CCA, Williams TN, MacLennan CA, Scott JAG, Hill AVS. (Nature Communications, 2018-03)
    Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of bacteraemia in Africa. The disease typically affects HIV-infected individuals and young children, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Here we present a genome-wide ...
  • Clinical Application of Epilepsy Genetics in Africa: Is Now the Time? 
    Esterhuizen AI, Carvill GL, Ramesar RS, Kariuki SM, Newton CR, Poduri A, Wilmshurst JM. (Front Neurol, 2018-05)
    Over 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- to middle-income countries where epilepsy is often undiagnosed and untreated due to limited resources and poor infrastructure. In Africa, the burden of epilepsy is exacerbated ...
  • Host-mediated selection impacts the diversity of Plasmodium falciparum antigens within infections. 
    Early AM, Lievens M, MacInnis BL, Ockenhouse CF, Volkman SK, Adjei S, Agbenyega T, Ansong D, Gondi S, Greenwood B, Hamel M, Odero C, Otieno K, Otieno W, Owusu-Agyei S, Asante KP, Sorgho H, Tina L, Tinto H, Valea I, Wirth DF, Neafsey DE. (Nature Communications, 2018-04)
    Host immunity exerts strong selective pressure on pathogens. Population-level genetic analysis can identify signatures of this selection, but these signatures reflect the net selective effect of all hosts and vectors in ...
  • Combined effectiveness of anthelmintic chemotherapy and WASH among HIV-infected adults. 
    Means AR, van Lieshout L, Brienen E, Yuhas K, Hughes JP, Ndungu P, Singa B, Walson JL. (PLoS neglected tropical diseases., 2018-01)
    Introduction: Current global helminth control guidelines focus on regular deworming of targeted populations for morbidity control. However, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions may also be important for ...

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