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KEMRI Research Papers: Recent submissions

  • High-density lipoprotein suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha production by mycobacteria-infected human macrophages. 
    Inoue M, Niki M, Ozeki Y, Nagi S, Chadeka EA, Yamaguchi T, Osada-Oka M, Ono K, Oda T, Mwende F, Kaneko Y, Matsumoto M, Kaneko S, Ichinose Y, Njenga SM, Hamano S, Matsumoto S. (Scientific Reports, 2018-04)
    Immune responses to parasitic pathogens are affected by the host physiological condition. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are transporters of lipids between the liver and peripheral ...
  • Evaluating healthcare priority setting at the meso level: A thematic review of empirical literature. 
    Waithaka D, Tsofa B, Barasa E. (Wellcome Open Research, 2018-01)
    Background: Decentralization of health systems has made sub-national/regional healthcare systems the backbone of healthcare delivery. These regions are tasked with the difficult responsibility of determining healthcare ...
  • Mosquito microevolution drives Plasmodium falciparum dynamics 
    Gildenhard M, Rono EK, Diarra A, Boissière A, Bascunan P, Carrillo- Bustamante P, Camara D, Krüger H, Mariko M, Mariko R, Mireji P, Nsango SE, Pompon J, Reis Y, Rono MK, Seda PB, Thailayil J, Traorè A, Yapto CV, Awono- Ambene P, Dabiré RK, Diabaté A, Masiga D, Catteruccia F, Morlais I, Diallo M,Sangare D, Levashina EA (Nature, 2019-06)
    Malaria, a major cause of child mortality in Africa, is engendered by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. Fitness of Plasmodium parasites is closely linked to the ecology and evolution of ...
  • Mosquito arbovirus survey in selected areas of Kenya: detection of insect- specific virus. 
    Iwashita H, Higa Y, Futami K, Lutiali PA, Njenga SM, Nabeshima T, Minakawa N. (Tropical Med Health, 2018-06)
    Background: Many arboviral outbreaks have occurred in various locations in Kenya. Entomological surveys are suitable methods for revealing information about circulating arboviruses before human outbreaks are recognized. ...
  • Monitoring health systems readiness and inpatient malaria case-management at Kenyan county hospitals. 
    Zurovac D, Machini B, Kiptui R, Memusi D, Amboko B, Kigen S, Njiri P, Waqo E. (Malaria Journal, 2018-05)
    Background: Change of severe malaria treatment policy from quinine to artesunate, a major malaria control advance in Africa, is compromised by scarce data to monitor policy translation into practice. In Kenya, hospital ...
  • Guidelines for the management of paediatric cholera infection: a systematic review of the evidence 
    Williams PCM, Berkley JA. (Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2018-11)
    Background Vibrio cholerae is a highly motile Gram-negative bacterium which is responsible for 3 million cases of diarrhoeal illness and up to 100,000 deaths per year, with an increasing burden documented over the past ...
  • Attractive toxic sugar baits for controlling mosquitoes: a qualitative study in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. 
    Maia MF, Tenywa FC, Nelson H, Kambagha A, Ashura A, Bakari I, Mruah D, Simba A, Bedford A. (Malaria Journal, 2018-01)
    Background: Malaria elimination is unlikely to be achieved without the implementation of new vector control interventions capable of complementing insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. Attractive-toxic ...
  • Handling missing data in propensity score estimation in comparative effectiveness evaluations: a systematic review. 
    Malla L, Perera-Salazar R, McFadden E, Ogero M, Stepniewska K, English M. (Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, 2018-03)
    Aim: Even though systematic reviews have examined how aspects of propensity score methods are used, none has reviewed how the challenge of missing data is addressed with these methods. This review therefore describes how ...
  • Status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Kwale County, Coastal Kenya. 
    Kiuru CW, Oyieke FA, Mukabana WR, Mwangangi J, Kamau L, Muhia-Matoke D. (Malaria Journal, 2018-01)
    Background: The strategy for malaria vector control in the context of reducing malaria morbidity and mortality has been the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets to universal coverage and indoor residual spraying. ...
  • Complex interactions between malaria and malnutrition: a systematic literature review. 
    Das D, Grais RF, Okiro EA, Stepniewska K, Mansoor R, van der Kam S, Terlouw DJ, Tarning J, Barnes KI, Guerin PJ. (BMC Med, 2018-10)
    Background: Despite substantial improvement in the control of malaria and decreased prevalence of malnutrition over the past two decades, both conditions remain heavy burdens that cause hundreds of thousands of deaths ...
  • Risk of nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in African children is modified by STAT4. 
    Gilchrist JJ, Rautanen A, Fairfax BP, Mills TC, Naranbhai V, Trochet H, Pirinen M, Muthumbi E, Mwarumba S, Njuguna P, Mturi N, Msefula CL, Gondwe EN, MacLennan JM, Chapman SJ, Molyneux ME, Knight JC, Spencer CCA, Williams TN, MacLennan CA, Scott JAG, Hill AVS. (Nature Communications, 2018-03)
    Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of bacteraemia in Africa. The disease typically affects HIV-infected individuals and young children, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Here we present a genome-wide ...
  • Clinical Application of Epilepsy Genetics in Africa: Is Now the Time? 
    Esterhuizen AI, Carvill GL, Ramesar RS, Kariuki SM, Newton CR, Poduri A, Wilmshurst JM. (Front Neurol, 2018-05)
    Over 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- to middle-income countries where epilepsy is often undiagnosed and untreated due to limited resources and poor infrastructure. In Africa, the burden of epilepsy is exacerbated ...
  • Host-mediated selection impacts the diversity of Plasmodium falciparum antigens within infections. 
    Early AM, Lievens M, MacInnis BL, Ockenhouse CF, Volkman SK, Adjei S, Agbenyega T, Ansong D, Gondi S, Greenwood B, Hamel M, Odero C, Otieno K, Otieno W, Owusu-Agyei S, Asante KP, Sorgho H, Tina L, Tinto H, Valea I, Wirth DF, Neafsey DE. (Nature Communications, 2018-04)
    Host immunity exerts strong selective pressure on pathogens. Population-level genetic analysis can identify signatures of this selection, but these signatures reflect the net selective effect of all hosts and vectors in ...
  • Combined effectiveness of anthelmintic chemotherapy and WASH among HIV-infected adults. 
    Means AR, van Lieshout L, Brienen E, Yuhas K, Hughes JP, Ndungu P, Singa B, Walson JL. (PLoS neglected tropical diseases., 2018-01)
    Introduction: Current global helminth control guidelines focus on regular deworming of targeted populations for morbidity control. However, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions may also be important for ...
  • Rethinking health sector procurement as developmental linkages in East Africa. 
    Mackintosh M, Tibandebage P, Karimi Njeru M, Kariuki Kungu J, Israel C, Mujinja PGM (Social Science & Medicine, 2018-03)
    Health care forms a large economic sector in all countries, and procurement of medicines and other essential commodities necessarily creates economic linkages between a country's health sector and local and international ...
  • Pregnancy outcomes among HIV-infected women who conceived on antiretroviral therapy. 
    Stringer EM, Kendall MA, Lockman S, Campbell TB, Nielsen-Saines K, Sawe F, CuUvin S, Wu X, Currier JS. (PLOS One, 2018-07)
    As antiretroviral therapy (ART) expands in resource-limited settings, understanding the impact of ART on pregnancy outcomes is critical. We analyzed women who became pregnant on ART while enrolled in a clinical trial ...
  • Deciphering the targets of retroviral protease inhibitors in Plasmodium berghei. 
    Onchieku NM, Mogire R, Ndung'u L, Mwitari P, Kimani F, Matoke-Muhia D, Kiboi D, Magoma G. (PLOS One, 2018-08)
    Retroviral protease inhibitors (RPIs) such as lopinavir (LP) and saquinavir (SQ) are active against Plasmodium parasites. However, the exact molecular target(s) for these RPIs in the Plasmodium parasites remains poorly ...
  • Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Children and Adolescents in Central Kenya. 
    Magai DN, Malik JA, Koot HM. (Child Psychiatry Hum Dev., 2018-08)
    Emotional and behavioral problems (EBP) during childhood and adolescence are a common concern for parents and mental health stakeholders. However, little has been documented about their prevalence in Kenyan children and ...
  • Dosing of Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole for Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition. 
    Standing JF, Ongas MO, Ogwang C, Kagwanja N, Murunga S, Mwaringa S, Ali R, Mturi N, Timbwa M, Manyasi C, Mwalekwa L, Bandika VL, Ogutu B, Waichungo J, Kipper K, Berkley JA (Clin Pharmacol Ther., 2018-12)
    Infants and young children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are treated with empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Parenteral ceftriaxone is currently a second-line agent for invasive infection. Oral metronidazole ...
  • The clinical epidemiology of sickle cell anemia In Africa. 
    Macharia AW, Mochamah G, Uyoga S, Ndila CM, Nyutu G, Makale J, Tendwa M, Nyatichi E, Ojal J, Shebe M, Awuondo KO, Mturi N, Peshu N, Tsofa B, Scott JAG, Maitland K, Williams TN. (American Journal of Hematology, 2018-03)
    Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the commonest severe monogenic disorders of humans. The disease has been highly characterized in high-income countries but not in sub-Saharan Africa where SCA is most prevalent. We conducted ...

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