KEMRI Institutional Repository: Recent submissions

Now showing items 321-340 of 1419

From bouncing back, to nurturing emergence: reframing the concept of resilience in health systems strengthening.

Barasa EW, Cloete K, Gilson L. (Health Policy Plan, 2017-11)

Recent health system shocks such as the Ebola disease outbreak have focused global health attention on the notion of resilient health systems. In this commentary, we reflect on the current framing of the concept of resilience ...
Gaps in the Child Tuberculosis Care Cascade in 32 Rural Communities in Uganda and Kenya.

Mwangwa F, Chamie G, Kwarisiima D, Ayieko J, Owaraganise A, Ruel TD, Plenty A, Tram KH, Clark TD, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Petersen M, Kamya MR, Charlebois ED, Havlir DV, Marquez C. (Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, 2017-12)

Background Reducing tuberculosis (TB) deaths among children requires a better understanding of the gaps in the care cascade from TB diagnosis to treatment completion. We sought to assess the child TB care cascade in 32 ...
Cord blood IgG and the risk of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the first year of life.

Murungi LM, Sondén K, Odera D, Oduor LB, Guleid F, Nkumama IN, Otiende M, Kangoye DT, Fegan G, Färnert A, Marsh K, Osier FH. (International journal of parasitol, 2017-02)

Young infants are less susceptible to severe episodes of malaria but the targets and mechanisms of protection are not clear. Cord blood antibodies may play an important role in mediating protection but many studies have ...
Inappropriate prescription of cough remedies among children hospitalised with respiratory illness over the period 2002-2015 in Kenya.

Maina M, Akech S, Mwaniki P, Gachau S, Ogero M, Julius T, Ayieko P, Irimu G, English M. (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2017-03)

Objective: To examine trends in prescription of cough medicines over the period 2002-2015 in children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted to Kenyan hospitals with cough, difficulty breathing or diagnosed with a respiratory ...
Cytochrome P450/ABC transporter inhibition simultaneously enhances ivermectin pharmacokinetics in the mammal host and pharmacodynamics in Anopheles gambiae.

Chaccour CJ, Hammann F, Alustiza M, Castejon S, Tarimo BB, Abizanda G, Irigoyen Barrio Á, Martí Soler H, Moncada R, Bilbao JI, Aldaz A, Maia M, Del Pozo JL. (Scientific Reports, 2017-08)

Mass administration of endectocides, drugs that kill blood-feeding arthropods, has been proposed as a complementary strategy to reduce malaria transmission. Ivermectin is one of the leading candidates given its excellent ...
Longitudinal estimation of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in relation to malaria prevention measures in six sub-Saharan African countries.

Drakeley C, Abdulla S, Agnandji ST, Fernandes JF, Kremsner P, Lell B, Mewono L, Bache BE, Mihayo MG, Juma O, Tanner M, Tahita MC, Tinto H, Diallo S, Lompo P, D'Alessandro U, Ogutu B, Otieno L, Otieno S, Otieno W, Oyieko J, Asante KP, Dery DB, Adjei G, Adeniji E, Atibilla D, Owusu-Agyei S, Greenwood B, Gesase S, Lusingu J, Mahende C, Mongi R, Segeja M, Adjei S, Agbenyega T, Agyekum A, Ansong D, Bawa JT, Boateng HO, Dandalo L, Escamilla V, Hoffman I, Maenje P, Martinson F, Carter T, Leboulleux D, Kaslow DC, Usuf E, Pirçon JY, Bahmanyar ER. (Malaria Journal, 2017-10)

Background Plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR) is a widely used metric for assessing malaria transmission intensity. This study was carried out concurrently with the RTS,S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine Phase III trial ...
Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae invasive infections over a decade at Kilifi County Hospital in Kenya.

Henson SP, Boinett CJ, Ellington MJ, Kagia N, Mwarumba S, Nyongesa S, Mturi N, Kariuki S, Scott JAG, Thomson NR, Morpeth SC. (Int J Med Microbiol., 2017-10)

Multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Recent years have seen an explosion of resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and emergence of carbapenem ...
Gendered negotiations for research participation in community-based studies: implications for health research policy and practice.

Kamuya DM, Molyneux CS, Theobald S. (BMJ Glob Health., 2017-06)

There is a growing literature documenting the complex realities of consent processes in the field, and the negotiations and ethical dilemmas involved. Much has also been written about how gender and power shape household ...
Knowledge, practices and perceptions of geo-helminthes infection among parents of pre-school age children of coastal region, Kenya.

Masaku J, Mwende F, Odhiambo G, Musuva R, Matey E, Kihara JH, Thuita IG, Njomo DW. (PLoS neglected tropical diseases., 2017-03)

Background: Soil-transmitted helminthes (STHs) are common human parasitic diseases in most of the developing world particularly in Kenya. The ongoing National SchoolBased Deworming Programme (NSBDP) was launched in 2012 ...
Micro-epidemiological structuring of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> parasite populations in regions with varying transmission intensities in Africa.

Omedo I, Mogeni P, Bousema T, Rockett K, Amambua-Ngwa A, Oyier I, C Stevenson J, Y Baidjoe A, de Villiers EP, Fegan G, Ross A, Hubbart C, Jeffreys A, N Williams T, Kwiatkowski D, Bejon P. (Wellcome Open Research, 2017-09)

Background: The first models of malaria transmission assumed a completely mixed and homogeneous population of parasites. Recent models include spatial heterogeneity and variably mixed populations. However, there are few ...
An exploration of mortality risk factors in non-severe pneumonia in children using clinical data from Kenya.

Tuti T, Agweyu A, Mwaniki P, Peek N, English M; Clinical Information Network Author Group. (BMC Med, 2017-11)

Background: Childhood pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years old. Recent updates to World Health Organization pneumonia guidelines recommend outpatient care for a population ...
Dengue and yellow fever virus vectors: seasonal abundance, diversity and resting preferences in three Kenyan cities.

Agha SB, Tchouassi DP, Bastos ADS, Sang R. (Parasit Vectors, 2017-12)

Background: The transmission patterns of dengue (DENV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, especially in urban settings, are influenced by Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquito abundance and behavior. Despite recurrent dengue outbreaks ...
Child height gain is associated with consumption of animalsource foods in livestock-owning households in Western Kenya.

Mosites E, Aol G, Otiang E, Bigogo G, Munyua P, Montgomery JM, Neuhouser ML, Palmer GH, Thumbi SM. (Public Health Nutrition, 2017-02)

Objective: To clarify the pathways between household livestock and child growth by assessing the relationships between consumption of animal-source foods (ASF) and child growth and evaluating the household livestock ...
Intravenous rehydration of malnourished children with acute gastroenteritis and severe dehydration: A systematic review.

Houston KA, Gibb JG, Maitland K. (Wellcome Open Research, 2017-08)

Background: Rehydration strategies in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and severe dehydration are extremely cautious. The World Health Organization (WHO) SAM guidelines advise strongly against intravenous ...
Burden of neurodevelopmental disorders in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and metaanalysis.

Bitta M, Kariuki SM, Abubakar A, Newton CRJC. (Wellcome Open Research, 2017-12)

Background: Childhood mortality from infectious diseases has declined steadily in many low and middle-income (LAMIC) countries, with increased recognition of noncommunicable diseases such as neurodevelopmental disorders ...
Antimalarial drugs and the prevalence of mental and neurological manifestations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bitta MA, Kariuki SM, Mwita C, Gwer S, Mwai L, Newton CRJC. (Wellcome Open Res., 2017-06)

Background: Antimalarial drugs affect the central nervous system, but it is difficult to differentiate the effect of these drugs from that of the malaria illness. We conducted a systematic review to determine the association ...
The Detection of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia DNA in Tick Samples From Pastoral Communities in Kenya.

Koka H, Sang R, Kutima HL, Musila L. (Journal of medical entomology, 2017-05)

In this study, ticks from pastoral communities in Kenya were tested for Rickettsia spp. infections in geographical regions where the presence of tick-borne arboviruses had previously been reported. Rickettsial and arbovirus ...
Factors Associated with Loss to Follow Up among Tuberculosis Patients in Embu County, 2016-2021

Beth Muthoni Nduati, Evelyn Kimani, Richard Kiplimo, Titus Kiptai, Joyce Kiarie, Aiban Rono, Adano Godana, Drusilla Nyaboke, Eunice Omesa, Jane Ong’ang’o, Stella Mmochi, Rabut Grace, Joseph Njinju, Joan Thiga (2024-09-11)

INTRODUCTION Loss of follow-up among Tuberculosis patients is a significant challenge for Tuberculosis control. It may lead to prolonged infectiousness of Tuberculosis cases, increased rate of treatment failure, relapse, ...
Uptake of Drug Susceptibility Testing and Factors Associated among TB Patients in Bungoma County, 2018-2022

Callistus Muliro Barasa, Joan Thiga, Titus Kiptai, Richard Kiplimo, Everlyne Kimani, Aiban Rono, Adano Godana, Drusilla Nyaboke, Gabriel Muyemba, Jane Ong’ango, Eunice Omesa, Stella Mamuti, Asman Musa, Andrew Sifuna, Joyce Kiarie (2024-09-11)

BACKGROUND Drug Susceptibility Tests play an important role in developing strategies to identify and treat patients at high risk of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Kenya is among countries with a high burden for Tuberculosis, ...
Prevalence, Knowledge, and Occupational Risk Factors for Tuberculosis among Health Workers in Siaya County Hospitals, Kenya

Mary Juma Wambura, Patrick Onyango, Steve Wandiga, Daniel Onguru (2024-09-11)

BACKGROUND TB is a known occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in countries with high TB burdens. It is estimated that HCWs have a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of developing TB compared with the ...

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