KEMRI Journals & Articles: Recent submissions

Now showing items 161-180 of 538

HIV-1 subtype diversity, transmission networks and transmitted drug resistance amongst acute and early infected MSM populations from Coastal Kenya.

Hassan AS, Esbjörnsson J, Wahome E, Thiong'o A, Makau GN, Price MA, Sanders EJ. (PLOS One, 2018-12)

Background: HIV-1 molecular epidemiology amongst men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa remains not well characterized. We aimed to determine HIV-1 subtype distribution, transmission clusters and transmitted ...
Validation of a Swahili version of the World Health Organization 5-item well-being index among adults living with HIV and epilepsy in rural coastal Kenya.

Chongwo E, Ssewanyana D, Nasambu C, Mwangala PN, Mwangi PM, Nyongesa MK, Newton CR, Abubakar A. (Global Health Research and Policy, 2018-09)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization's five item well-being index (WHO-5) when administered to adults living with HIV or epilepsy in a rural ...
Estimated Effect of Temperature on Years of Life Lost: A Retrospective Time-Series Study of Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Regions.

Odhiambo Sewe M, Bunker A, Ingole V, Egondi T, Oudin Åström D, Hondula DM, Rocklöv J, Schumann B. (Environmental Health Perspectives, 2018-01)

Background: Numerous studies have reported a strong association between temperature and mortality. Additional insights can be gained from investigating the effects of temperature on years of life lost (YLL), considering ...
Realizing effectiveness across continents with hydroxyurea: Enrollment and baseline characteristics of the multicenter REACH study in Sub-Saharan Africa.

McGann PT, Williams TN, Olupot-Olupot P, Tomlinson GA, Lane A, Luís Reis da Fonseca J, Kitenge R, Mochamah G, Wabwire H, Stuber S, Howard TA, McElhinney K, Aygun B, Latham T, Santos B, Tshilolo L, Ware RE (American Journal of Hematology, 2018-08)

Despite its well-described safety and efficacy in the treatment of sickle cell anemia (SCA) in high-income settings, hydroxyurea remains largely unavailable in sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 75% of annual SCA births ...
Pragmatism in practice: lessons learned during screening and enrollment for a randomised controlled trial in rural northern Ethiopia.

Molla M, Negussie H, Ngari M, Kivaya E, Njuguna P, Enqueselassie F, Berkley JA, Davey G. (BMC Med, 2018-03)

Background: We use the example of the Gojjam Lymphoedema Best Practice Trial (GoLBeT), a pragmatic trial in a remote rural setting in northern Ethiopia, to extract lessons relevant to other investigators balancing the ...
Higher likelihood of 6- months exclusive breastfeeding among HIV infected than uninfected mothers: a household survey in Kenya.

Okanda J, Otieno G, Kinuthia J, Kohler P, John-Stewart G. (International breastfeeding journal, 2018-11)

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) (breast milk feeding without additional food or drink, except medicine) is associated with deceased risk of postnatal transmission of HIV from mother to child. Methods: This ...
Perspectives on Underlying Factors for Unhealthy Diet and Sedentary Lifestyle of Adolescents at a Kenyan Coastal Setting.

Ssewanyana D, Abubakar A, van Baar A, Mwangala PN, Newton CR. (Front Public Health., 2018-02)

Unhealthy diet and physical inactivity are among the key modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although such diseases often only appear in adulthood, these ...
Companionship during facility-based childbirth: results from a mixed-methods study with recently delivered women and providers in Kenya.

Afulani P, Kusi C, Kirumbi L, Walker D. (BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2018-05)

Background: Research suggests that birth companionship, and in particular, continuous support during labor and delivery, can improve women's childbirth experience and birth outcomes. Yet, little is known about the extent ...
Prevalence and determinants of heavy episodic drinking among adults in Kenya: analysis of the STEPwise survey, 2015.

Kendagor A, Gathecha G, Ntakuka MW, Nyakundi P, Gathere S, Kiptui D, Abubakar H, Ombiro O, Juma P, Ngaruiya C. (BMC Public Health., 2018-11)

Background: Globally, alcohol consumption contributes to 3.3 million deaths and 5.1% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and its use is linked with more than 200 disease and injury conditions. Our study assessed ...
Hospital Mortality - a neglected but rich source of information supporting the transition to higher quality health systems in low and middle income countries.

English M, Mwaniki P, Julius T, Chepkirui M, Gathara D, Ouma PO, Cherutich P, Okiro EA, Snow RW. (BMC Med, 2018-03)

Background: There is increasing focus on the strength of primary health care systems in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). There are important roles for higher quality district hospital care within these systems. ...
Unclear association between levels of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) in saliva of malaria patients and blood parasitaemia: diagnostic implications?

EA, Nambati Kiarie WC, Kimani F, Kimotho JH, Otinga MS, Too E, Kaniaru S, Limson J, Bulimo W. (Malaria Journal, 2018-01)

Background: The use of saliva in diagnosis of infectious diseases is an attractive alternative to procedures that involve blood drawing. It promises to reduce risks associated with accidental needle pricks and improve ...
Host Decoy Trap (HDT) with cattle odour is highly effective for collection of exophagic malaria vectors.

Abong'o B, Yu X, Donnelly MJ, Geier M, Gibson G, Gimnig J, Ter Kuile F, Lobo NF, Ochomo E, Munga S, Ombok M, Samuels A, Torr SJ, Hawkes FM. (Parasit Vectors, 2018-10)

Background: As currently implemented, malaria vector surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa targets endophagic and endophilic mosquitoes, leaving exophagic (outdoor bloodfeeding) mosquitoes underrepresented. We evaluated the ...
Evidence of reduced treatment adherence among HIV infected paediatric and adolescent populations in Nairobi at the onset of the UNAIDS Universal Test and Treat Program.

Kabogo J, Muniu E, Wamunyokoli F, Musoke R, Songok E. (BMC Research Notes, 2018-12)

Objective: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the efficacy of the World Health Organization (WHO) "Universal Test and Treat" (UTT) policy, initiated in Kenya in September 2016. Under this policy, every ...
New Prototype Screened Doors and Windows for Excluding Mosquitoes from Houses: A Pilot Study in Rural Gambia.

Jawara M, Jatta E, Bell D, Burkot TR, Bradley J, Hunt V, Kandeh B, Jones C, Manjang AM, Pinder M, Stone S, D'Alessandro U, Knudsen J, Lindsay SW. (The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2018-12)

Despite compelling evidence that modern housing protects against malaria, houses in endemic areas are still commonly porous to mosquitoes. The protective efficacy of four prototype screened doors and two windows designs ...
Patterns of Oral PrEP Adherence and HIV Risk Among Eastern African Women in HIV Serodiscordant Partnerships

Pyra M, Brown ER, Haberer JE, Heffron R, Celum C, Bukusi EA, Asiimwe S, Katabira E, Mugo NR, Baeten JM (AIDS and Behavior, 2018-11)

Understanding how women use PrEP is important for developing successful implementation programs. We hypothesized there are distinct patterns of adherence, related to HIV risk and other factors. We identified patterns of ...
Comparable outcomes among trial and nontrial participants in a clinical trial of antibiotics for childhood pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study.

Agweyu A, Oliwa J, Gathara D, Muinga N, Allen E, Lilford RJ, English M. (Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2018-02)

Objectives: We compared characteristics and outcomes of children enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing oral amoxicillin and benzyl penicillin for the treatment of chest indrawing pneumonia vs. children ...
Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets in an urban informal settlement in Kenya and is associated with malnutrition.

Jones KDJ, Hachmeister CU, Khasira M, Cox L, Schoenmakers I, Munyi C, Nassir HS, Hünten-Kirsch B, Prentice A, Berkley JA. (Maternal & Child Nutrition, 2018-01)

The commonest cause of rickets worldwide is vitamin D deficiency, but studies from sub-Saharan Africa describe an endemic vitamin D-independent form that responds to dietary calcium enrichment. The extent to which ...
Children concurrently wasted and stunted: A meta-analysis of prevalence data of children 6-59 months from 84 countries.

Khara T, Mwangome M, Ngari M, Dolan C. (Maternal & Child Nutrition, 2018-04)

Children can be stunted and wasted at the same time. Having both deficits greatly elevates risk of mortality. The analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence and burden of children aged 6-59 months concurrently wasted and ...
Persons with disabilities as experts-by experience: using personal narratives to affect community attitudes in Kilifi, Kenya.

Gona JK, Newton CR, Hartley S, Bunning K. (BMC International Health and Human Rights, 2018-05)

Background: The last decade has seen improved public awareness of disability in subSaharan Africa. However, negative and stereotypical views of disability still persist in many communities. We conducted a study to promote ...
We were being treated like the Queen": understanding trial factors influencing high paediatric malaria treatment adherence in western Kenya.

Jones C, Talisuna AO, Snow RW, Zurovac D. (Malaria Journal, 2018-01)

Background: Adherence to anti-malarial medication is highly variable but frequently suboptimal. Numerous interventions with a variety of methodological approaches have been implemented to address the problem. A recently ...

Now showing items 161-180 of 538

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