KEMRI Journals & Articles: Recent submissions

Now showing items 101-120 of 538

Antiplasmodialprenylated flavanonols from Tephrosia subtriflora.

Muiva-Mutisya LM, Atilaw Y, Heydenreich M, Koch A, Akala HM, Cheruiyot AC,Brown ML, Irungu B, Okalebo FA, Derese S, Mutai C, Yenesew A. (Natural Product Research, 2018-06)

The CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of Tephrosia subtriflora afforded a new flavanonol, named subtriflavanonol (1), along with the known flavanone spinoflavanone B, and the known flavanonols MS-II (2) and ...
Changes in Malaria Epidemiology in Africa and New Challenges for Elimination.

Nkumama IN, O'Meara WP, Osier FHA. (Trends Parasitol, 2017-02)

Although the burden of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is gradually declining in many parts of Africa, it is characterized by spatial and temporal variability that presents new and evolving challenges for malaria control ...
Building Capability for Clinical Pharmacology Research in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Gutierrez MM, Pillai G, Felix S, Romero F, Onyango KO, Owusu-Agyei S, Asante KP, Barnes KI, Sinxadi P, Allen E, Abdulla S, Masimirembwa C, Munyoro M, Yimer G, Gebre-Mariam T, Spector J, Ogutu B. (Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics., 2017)

A strong scientific rationale exists for conducting clinical pharmacology studies in target populations because local factors such as genetics, environment, comorbidities, and diet can affect variability in drug responses. ...
Severe childhood malnutrition.

Bhutta ZA, Berkley JA, Bandsma RHJ, Kerac M, Trehan I, Briend A. (Nat Rev Dis Primers., 2017-09)

The main forms of childhood malnutrition occur predominantly in children <5 years of age living in low-income and middle-income countries and include stunting, wasting and kwashiorkor, of which severe wasting and kwashiorkor ...
Effect of ready-to-use supplementary food on mortality in severely immunocompromised HIV-infected individuals in Africa initiating antiretroviral therapy (REALITY): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.

Mallewa J, Szubert AJ, Mugyenyi P, Chidziva E, Thomason MJ, Chepkorir P, Abongomera G, Baleeta K, Etyang A, Warambwa C, Melly B, Mudzingwa S, Kelly C, Agutu C, Wilkes H, Nkomani S, Musiime V, Lugemwa A, Pett SL, BwakuraDangarembizi M, Prendergast AJ, Gibb DM, Walker AS, Berkley JA; REALITY trial team. (Lancet HIV, 2018-05)

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, severely immunocompromised HIV-infected individuals have a high risk of mortality during the first few months after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesise that universally ...
Determinants of antibody persistence across doses and continents after single-dose rVSV-ZEBOV vaccination for Ebola virus disease: an observational cohort study.

Huttner A, Agnandji ST, Combescure C, Fernandes JF, Bache EB, Kabwende L, Ndungu FM, Brosnahan J, Monath TP, Lemaître B, Grillet S, Botto M, Engler O, Portmann J, Siegrist D, Bejon P, Silvera P, Kremsner P, Siegrist CA (Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2018-07)

Background: The recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vaccine expressing the Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) glycoprotein is efficacious in the weeks following single-dose injection, but duration of immunity is unknown. ...
Rubber stamp templates for improving clinical documentation: A paper-based, m-Health approach for quality improvement in low-resource settings.

Kleczka B, Musiega A, Rabut G, Wekesa P, Mwaniki P, Marx M, Kumar P. (International journal of medical informatics., 2018-06)

Background: The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal #3.8 targets 'access to quality essential healthcare services'. Clinical practice guidelines are an important tool for ensuring quality of clinical care, but ...
Campylobacter, a zoonotic pathogen of global importance: Prevalence and risk factors in the fast-evolving chicken meat system of Nairobi, Kenya.

Carron M, Chang YM, Momanyi K, Akoko J, Kiiru J, Bettridge J, Chaloner G, Rushton J, O'Brien S, Williams N, Fèvre EM, Häsler B. (PLoS neglected tropical diseases., 2018-08)

Campylobacteriosis is a leading foodborne zoonosis worldwide, and is frequently associated with handling and consumption of poultry meat. Various studies indicate that Campylobacter causes a substantial human disease burden ...
Fortification of Carica papaya fruit seeds to school meal snacks may aid Africa mass deworming programs: a preliminary survey.

Kugo M, Keter L, Maiyo A, Kinyua J, Ndemwa P, Maina G, Otieno P, Songok EM. (BMC Complement Altern Med, 2018-12)

Background: Soil transmitted helminths (STHs) are among the world's neglected tropical diseases. Morbidity due to STHs is greatest in school-age children who typically have the highest burden of infection. In 2001, WHO ...
Stroke distribution patterns and characteristics in Kenya's leading public health tertiary institutions: Kenyatta National Hospital and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital.

Kaduka L, Korir A, Oduor CO, Kwasa J, Mbui J, Wabwire S, Gakunga R, Okerosi N, Opanga Y, Kisiang'ani I, Chepkurui MR, Muniu E, Remick SC. (Cardiovascular journal of Africa., 2018-03)

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Kenya. However, there is limited clinic-epidemiological data on stroke to inform decision making. This study sought to establish ...
The Enhanced Mentor Mother ProgrAm (EMMA) for the prevention of mother-tochild transmission of HIV in Kenya: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Larson BA, Bii M, Tsikhutsu I, Halim N, Wolfman V, Coakley P, Sugut W, Sawe F. (Trials, 2018-10)

Background: As of September 2014, Kenya implemented the WHO recommended Option B+ guidelines in which all newly diagnosed HIV-infected pregnant women are immediately eligible for triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ...
A contextually relevant approach to assessing health risk behavior in a rural sub-Saharan Africa setting: the Kilifi health risk behavior questionnaire.

Ssewanyana D, van Baar A, Newton CR, Abubakar A. (BMC Public Health, 2018-06)

Background: Health risk behavior (HRB) is of concern during adolescence. In sub-Saharan Africa, reliable, valid and culturally appropriate measures of HRB are urgently needed. This study aims at assembling and psychometrically ...
Association between Rift Valley fever virus seroprevalences in livestock and humans and their respective intra-cluster correlation coefficients, Tana River County, Kenya.

Bett B, Lindahl J, Sang R, Wainaina M, Kairu-Wanyoike S, Bukachi S, Njeru I, Karanja J, Ontiri E, Kariuki Njenga M, Wright D, Warimwe GM, Grace D. (Epidemiology and infection., 2018-12)

We implemented a cross-sectional study in Tana River County, Kenya, a Rift Valley fever (RVF)-endemic area, to quantify the strength of association between RVF virus (RVFv) seroprevalences in livestock and humans, and their ...
Whole genome analysis of local Kenyan and global sequences unravels the epidemiological andmolecular evolutionary dynamics of RSV genotype ON1 strains.

Otieno JR, Kamau EM, Oketch JW, Ngoi JM, Gichuki AM, Binter Š, Otieno GP, Ngama M, Agoti CN, Cane PA, Kellam P, Cotten M, Lemey P, Nokes DJ. (Virus Evol, 2018-09)

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) group A variant with the 72-nucleotide duplication in the G gene, genotype ON1, was first detected in Kilifi in 2012 and has almost completely replaced circulating genotype GA2 strains. ...
Impact of Mothers' Schistosomiasis Status During Gestation on Children's IgG Antibody Responses to Routine Vaccines 2 Years Later and Anti-Schistosome and Anti-Malarial Responses by Neonates in Western Kenya.

Ondigo BN, Muok EMO, Oguso JK, Njenga SM, Kanyi HM, Ndombi EM, Priest JW, Kittur N, Secor WE, Karanja DMS, Colley DG. (Front Immunol, 2018-06)

The potential consequences of parasitic infections on a person's immune responsiveness to unrelated antigens are often conjectured upon in relationship to allergic responses and autoimmune diseases. These considerations ...
Comparing the performance of circulating cathodic antigen and Kato-Katz techniques in evaluating Schistosomamansoni infection in areas with low prevalence in selected counties of Kenya: a cross-sectional study.

Okoyo C, Simiyu E, Njenga SM, Mwandawiro C. (BMC Public Health, 2018-04)

Background: Kato-Katz technique has been the mainstay test in Schistosoma mansoni diagnosis in endemic areas. However, recent studies have documented its poor sensitivity in evaluating Schistosoma mansoni infection especially ...
Malaria chemoprevention with monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the postdischarge management of severe anaemia in children aged less than 5 years in Uganda and Kenya: study protocol for a multi-centre, two-arm, randomised, placebo-controlled, superiority trial.

Kwambai TK, Dhabangi A, Idro R, Opoka R, Kariuki S, Samuels AM, Desai M, van Hensbroek MB, John CC, Robberstad B, Wang D, Phiri K, Ter Kuile FO. (Trials, 2018-11)

Background: Children hospitalised with severe anaemia in malaria endemic areas in Africa are at high risk of readmission or death within 6 months post-discharge. Currently, no strategy specifically addresses this period. ...
Strengthening intrapartum and immediate newborn care to reduce morbidity and mortality of preterm infants born in health facilities in Migori County, Kenya and Busoga Region, Uganda: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Otieno P, Waiswa P, Butrick E, Namazzi G, Achola K, Santos N, Keating R, Lester F, Walker D. (Trials, 2018-06)

Background: Preterm birth (birth before 37 weeks of gestation) and its complications are the leading contributors to neonatal and under-5 mortality. The majority of neonatal deaths in Kenya and Uganda occur during the ...
Maximizing adherence and retention for women living with HIV and their infants in Kenya (MOTIVATE! study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Odeny TA, Onono M, Owuor K, Helova A, Wanga I, Bukusi EA, Turan JM, Abuogi LL. (Trials, 2018-01)

Background: Successful completion and retention throughout the multi-step cascade of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) remains difficult to achieve. The Mother and Infant Visit Adherence and Treatment ...
Ethical considerations in Controlled Human Malaria Infection studies in low resource settings: Experiences and perceptions of study participants in a malaria Challenge study in Kenya.

Njue M, Njuguna P, Kapulu MC, Sanga G, Bejon P, Marsh V, Molyneux S, KamuyaD. (Wellcome Open Research, 2018-10)

Background: The range and amount of volunteer infection studies, known as Controlled Human Infection Model (CHMI) studies, in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs) is increasing with rapid technological advancement, ...

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