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KEMRI Research Papers: Recent submissions

  • Examining the level and inequality in health insurance coverage in 36 sub-Saharan African countries. 
    Barasa, E; Kazungu, J; Nguhiu, P; Ravishankar, N (BMJ Glob Health, 2021-04)
    Introduction: Low/middle-income countries (LMICs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are increasingly turning to public contributory health insurance as a mechanism for removing financial barriers to access and extending financial ...
  • Integrity, use and care of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Kirinyaga County 
    Nyangi, M; Kigondu, E; Irungu, B; Nganga, M; Gachanja, A,; Murigi, M; Nyangacha, R; Muniu, E; Kamau, L; Gathirwa, J (BMS Public Health, 2021)
    Background: Vector control is an essential component in prevention and control of malaria in malaria endemic areas. Insecticide treated nets is one of the standard tools recommended for malaria vector control. The objective ...
  • Spatial-temporal clustering of malaria using routinely collected health facility data on the Kenyan Coast. 
    Kamau, A; Mtanje, G; Mataza, C; Bejon, P; Snow, RW (Malaria Journal, 2021)
    Background: The over-distributed pattern of malaria transmission has led to attempts to define malaria "hotspots" that could be targeted for purposes of malaria control in Africa. However, few studies have investigated ...
  • Prevalence and mortality of epilepsies with convulsive and non-convulsive seizures in Kilifi, Kenya 
    Kariuki, Symon M.; Ngugi, Anthony K.; Kombe, Martha Z.; Kazungu, Michael; Chengo, Eddie; Odhiambo, Rachael; Nyaguara, Amek; Neville, Brian G.; Rjc Newton, Charles (Seizure, 2021-05)
    Objectives The prevalence of all epilepsies (both convulsive and non-convulsive seizures) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), particularly sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. Under estimation of non-convulsive epilepsies ...
  • Malaria is a cause of iron deficiency in African children 
    Muthii Muriuki, John; Mentzer, Alexander J.; Mitchell, Ruth; Webb, Emily L.; Etyang, Anthony O.; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Morovat, Alireza; Kimita, Wandia; Ndungu, Francis M.; Macharia, Alex W.; Ngetsa, Caroline J.; Makale, Johnstone; Lule, Swaib A.; Musani, Solomon K.; Raffield, Laura M.; Cutland, Clare L.; Sirima, Sodiomon B.; Diarra, Amidou; Tiono, Alfred B.; Fried, Michal; Gwamaka, Moses; Adu-Afarwuah, Seth; P. Wirth, James; Wegmüller, Rita; Madhi, Shabir A.; Snow, Robert W.; Hill, Adrian V. S.; Rockett, Kirk A.; Sandhu, Manjinder S.; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P.; Prentice, Andrew M.; Byrd, Kendra A.; Ndjebayi, Alex; Stewart, Christine P.; Engle-Stone, Reina; Green, Tim J.; Karakochuk, Crystal D.; Suchdev, Parminder S.; Bejon, Philip; Duffy, Patrick E.; Davey Smith, George; Elliott, Alison M.; Williams, Thomas N.; Atkinson, Sarah H. (Nature, 2021-02)
    Malaria and iron deficiency (ID) are common and interrelated public health problems in African children. Observational data suggest that interrupting malaria transmission reduces the prevalence of ID1. To test the hypothesis ...
  • Endemic chikungunya fever in Kenyan children: a prospective cohort study 
    Nyamwaya, Doris K.; Otiende, Mark; Omuoyo, Donwilliams O.; Githinji, George; Karanja, Henry K.; Gitonga, John N.; R. de Laurent, Zaydah; Otieno, James R.; Sang, Rosemary; Kamau, Everlyn; Cheruiyot, Stanley; Otieno, Edward; Agoti, Charles N.; Bejon, Philip; Thumbi, Samuel M.; Warimwe, George M. (BMC, 2021-02)
    Background Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) was first described in Tanzania in 1952. Several epidemics including East Africa have occurred, but there are no descriptions of longitudinal surveillance of endemic disease. Here, we ...
  • The importance of supplementary immunisation activities to prevent measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya 
    Mburu, C.N.; Ojal, J.; Chebet, R.; Akech, D.; Karia, B.; Tuju, J.; Sigilai, A.; Abbas, K.; Jit, M.; Funk, S.; Smits, G.; van Gageldonk, P.G.M.; van der Klis, F. R. M.; Tabu, C.; Nokes, D.J.; LSHTM CMMID COVID-19 Working Group; Scott, Jag; Flasche, S.; Adetifa, Imo (BMC, 2021-02)
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine measles immunisation and supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs) in most countries including Kenya. We assessed the risk of measles outbreaks during the pandemic ...
  • Neonatal mortality in Kenyan hospitals: a multisite, retrospective, cohort study 
    Irimu, Grace; Aluvaala, Jalemba; Malla, Lucas; Omoke, Sylvia; Ogero, Morris; Mbevi, George; Waiyego, Mary; Mwangi, Caroline; Were, Fred; Gathara, David; Agweyu, Ambrose; Akech, Samuel; English, Mike (BMJ Journals, 2021-05)
    Background: Most of the deaths among neonates in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) can be prevented through universal access to basic high-quality health services including essential facility-based inpatient ...
  • Testing strategies for couple engagement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and family health in Kenya: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial 
    Kwena, Zachary; Kimbo, Liza; Darbes, Lynae A.; Hatcher, Abigail M.; Helova, Anna; Owino, George; Thirumurthy, Harsha; Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Braun, Thomas; Kilgore, Meredith; Pisu, Maria; Tamhane, Ashutosh; Nghiem, Van T.; Agot, Kawango; Neilands, Torsten B.; Turan, Janet M. (BMC, 2021-01)
    Background HIV-related maternal deaths and HIV infection among infants remain unacceptably high across sub-Saharan Africa despite increased antenatal care attendance and provision of antiretroviral therapy to pregnant ...
  • Clinical features of bacterial meningitis among hospitalised children in Kenya 
    Obiero, Christina W.; Mturi, Neema; Mwarumba, Salim; Ngari, Moses; Newton, Charles R.; van Hensbroek, Michaël Boele; Berkley, James A. (BMC, 2021-06)
    Background Diagnosing bacterial meningitis is essential to optimise the type and duration of antimicrobial therapy to limit mortality and sequelae. In sub-Saharan Africa, many public hospitals lack laboratory capacity, ...
  • Examining unit costs for COVID-19 case management in Kenya 
    Barasa, Edwine; Kairu, Angela; Ng'ang'a, Wangari; Maritim, Marybeth; Were, Vincent; Akech, Samuel; Mwangangi, Mercy (BMJ Journals, 2021-04)
    Introduction: We estimated unit costs for COVID-19 case management for patients with asymptomatic, mild-to-moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 disease in Kenya. Methods: We estimated per-day unit costs of COVID-19 ...
  • A systematic review of the quality of conduct and reporting of survival analyses of tuberculosis outcomes in Africa 
    Ngari, Moses M.; Schmitz, Susanne; Maronga, Christopher; Mramba, Lazarus K.; Vaillant, Michel (BMC, 2021-04)
    Background: Survival analyses methods (SAMs) are central to analysing time-to-event outcomes. Appropriate application and reporting of such methods are important to ensure correct interpretation of the data. In this study, ...
  • Interpersonal psychotherapy delivered by nonspecialists for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among Kenyan HIV-positive women affected by gender-based violence: Randomized controlled trial 
    Meffert, Susan M.; Neylan, Thomas C.; McCulloch, Charles E.; Blum, Kelly; Cohen, Craig R.; Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Verdeli, Helen; Markowitz, John C.; Kahn, James G.; Bukusi, David; Thirumurthy, Harsha; Rota, Grace; Rota, Ray; Oketch, Grace; Opiyo, Elizabeth; Ongeri, Linnet (PLOS One Journals, 2021-01)
    Background: HIV-positive women suffer a high burden of mental disorders due in part to gender-based violence (GBV). Comorbid depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are typical psychiatric consequences of GBV. ...
  • "I wish to remain HIV negative": Pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence and persistence in transgender women and men who have sex with men in coastal Kenya 
    Kimani, Makobu; van der Elst, Elise M.; Chirro, Oscar; Wahome, Elizabeth; Ibrahim, Fauz; Mukuria, Nana; Rinke de Wit, Tobias F.; Graham, Susan M.; Operario, Don; Sanders, Eduard J. (PLOS One Journals, 2021-01)
    Background: Transgender women (TGW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa have high HIV acquisition risks and can benefit from daily pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We assessed PrEP adherence by measuring ...
  • Molecular detection of Leishmania donovani, Leishmania major, and Trypanosoma species in Sergentomyia squamipleuris sand flies from a visceral leishmaniasis focus in Merti sub-County, eastern Kenya 
    Owino, Barrack O.; Mwangi, Jackline Milkah; Kiplagat, Steve; Mwangi, Hannah Njiriku; Ingonga, Johnstone M.; Chebet, Alphine; Ngumbi, Philip M.; Villinger, Jandouwe; Masiga, Daniel K.; Matoke-Muhia, Damaris (BMC, 2021-01)
    Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) are of public health concern in Merti sub-County, Kenya, but epidemiological data on transmission, vector abundance, distribution, and ...
  • Longitudinal-Survival Models for Case-Based Tuberculosis Progression 
    Kiplimo, Richard; Kosgei, Mathew; Mwangi, Ann; Onyango, Elizabeth; Ogero, Morris; Koske, Joseph (Frontiers, 2021-04)
    Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) disease continues to be responsible for a high global burden with an estimated 10 million people falling ill each year and an estimated 1.45 million deaths. Widely carried out analyses to ...
  • Pathways to Depression and Poor Quality of Life Among Adolescents in Western Kenya: Role of Anticipated HIV Stigma, HIV Risk Perception, and Sexual Behaviors 
    Kavulani Luseno, Winnie; Field, Samuel H.; Iritani, Bonita J.; Odongo, Fredrick S.; Kwaro, Daniel; Ombek Amek, Nyaguara; Rennie, Stuart (Springer Link, 2021-05)
    Depression is a major cause of disease burden and is linked to poor quality of life (QOL) among adolescents. We examined the roles of sexual behaviors, HIV risk perception, and anticipated HIV stigma on depressive ...
  • Proceedings of an expert workshop on community agreement for gene drive research in Africa - Co-organised by KEMRI, PAMCA and Target Malaria 
    Thizy, Delphine; Toe, Lea Pare; Mbogo, Charles; Matoke-Muhia, Damaris; Alibu, Vincent Pius; Barnhill-Dilling, S. Kathleen; Chantler, Tracey; Chongwe, Gershom; Delborne, Jason; Kapiriri, Lydia; Nassonko Kavuma, Esther; Koloi-Keaikitse, Sethlomo; Kormos, Ana; Littler, Katherine; Lwetoijera, Dickson; Vargas de Moraes, Roberta; Mumba, Noni; Mutengu, Lilian; Mwichuli, Sylvia; Nabukenya, Silvia Elizabeth; Nakigudde, Janet; Ndebele, Paul; Ngara, Carolyne; Ochomo, Eric; Odiwuor Ondiek, Simon; Rivera, Stephany; Roberts, Aaron J.; Robinson, Benjamin; Sambakunsi, Rodrick; Saxena, Abha; Sykes, Naima; Tarimo, Brian B.; Tiffin, Nicki; Tountas, Karen H. (Gates Open Research, 2021-03)
    Gene drive research is progressing towards future field evaluation of modified mosquitoes for malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa. While many literature sources and guidance point to the inadequacy of individual informed ...
  • Applying a gender lens to understand pathways through care for acutely ill young children in Kenyan urban informal settlements 
    Muraya, Kui; Ogutu, Michael; Mwadhi, Mercy; Mikusa, Jennifer; Okinyi, Maureen; Magawi, Charity; Zakayo, Scholastica; Njeru, Rita; Haribondhu, Sarma; Uddin, Md Fakhar; Marsh, Vicki; Walson, Judd L.; Berkley, James; Molyneux, Sassy (BMC, 2021-01)
    Background In many African settings, gender strongly influences household treatment-seeking and decision-making for childhood illnesses. While mothers are often the primary engagers with health facilities, their independence ...
  • Development and Validation of a Sociodemographic and Behavioral Characteristics-Based Risk-Score Algorithm for Targeting HIV Testing Among Adults in Kenya 
    Muttai, Hellen; Guyah, Bernard; Musingila, Paul; Achia, Thomas; Miruka, Fredrick; Wanjohi, Stella; Dande, Caroline; Musee, Polycarp; Lugalia, Fillet; Onyango, Dickens; Kinywa, Eunice; Okomo, Gordon; Moth, Iscah; Omondi, Samuel; Ayieko, Caren; Nganga, Lucy; Joseph, Rachael H.; Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily (Springer Link, 2021-02)
    To inform targeted HIV testing, we developed and externally validated a risk-score algorithm that incorporated behavioral characteristics. Outpatient data from five health facilities in western Kenya, comprising 19,458 ...

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