KEMRI Research Papers: Recent submissions

Now showing items 141-160 of 421

Adoption of routine virologic testing and predictors of virologic failure among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral treatment in western Kenya.

Kadima J, Patterson E, Mburu M, Blat C, Nyanduko M, Bukusi EA, Cohen C, Oyaro P, Abuogi L. (PLOS One, 2018-11)

Background: Access to routine virologic monitoring, critical to ensuring treatment success, remains limited in low- and middle-income countries. We report on implementation of routine viral load (VL) monitoring and risk ...
Candidategene based GWAS identifies reproducible DNA markers for metabolic pyrethroid resistance from standing genetic variation in East African Anopheles gambiae.

Weetman D, Wilding CS, Neafsey DE, Müller P, Ochomo E, Isaacs AT, Steen K, Rippon EJ, Morgan JC, Mawejje HD, Rigden DJ, Okedi LM, Donnelly MJ. (Scientific Reports, 2018-02)

Metabolic resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is widespread in Anopheles mosquitoes and is a major threat to malaria control. DNA markers would aid predictive monitoring of resistance, but few mutations have been ...
The impact of rickets on growth and morbidity during recovery among children with complicated severe acute malnutrition in Kenya: A cohort study.

Ngari MM, Thitiri J, Mwalekwa L, Timbwa M, Iversen PO, Fegan GW, Berkley JA. (Maternal & Child Nutrition, 2018-04)

The effects of rickets on children recovery from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are unknown. Rickets may affect both growth and susceptibility to infectious diseases. We investigated the associations of clinically ...
Safety, efficacy and acceptability of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosoma haematobium in pre-school children of Kwale County, Kenya.

Kimani BW, Mbugua AK, Kihara JH, Ng'ang'a M, Njomo DW. (PLoS neglected tropical diseases., 2018-10)

Background: The recommended strategy for control of schistosomiasis is preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel (PZQ). Pre-school children (PSC) are excluded from population treatment programs. In high endemic areas, ...
Variation in the effectiveness of insecticide treated nets against malaria and outdoor biting by vectors in Kilifi, Kenya.

Kamau A, Mwangangi JM, Rono MK, Mogeni P, Omedo I, Midega J, Scott JAG, Bejon P. (Wellcome Open Research, 2018-12)

Background: Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) protect humans against bites from the Anopheles mosquito vectors that transmit malaria, thereby reducing malaria morbidity and mortality. It has been noted that ITN use leads ...
Priority setting for health in the context of devolution in Kenya: implications for health equity and community-based primary care.

McCollum R, Theobald S, Otiso L, Martineau T, Karuga R, Barasa E, Molyneux S, Taegtmeyer M. (Health Policy Plan, 2018-07)

Devolution changes the locus of power within a country from central to sub-national levels. In 2013, Kenya devolved health and other services from central government to 47 new sub-national governments (known as counties). ...
Implications of insecticide resistance for malaria vector control with long-lasting insecticidal nets: a WHO-coordinated, prospective, international, observational cohort study.

Kleinschmidt I, Bradley J, Knox TB, Mnzava AP, Kafy HT, Mbogo C, Ismail BA, Bigoga JD, Adechoubou A, Raghavendra K, Cook J, Malik EM, Nkuni ZJ, Macdonald M, Bayoh N, Ochomo E, Fondjo E, Awono-Ambene HP, Etang J, Akogbeto M, Bhatt RM, Chourasia MK, Swain DK, Kinyari T, Subramaniam K, Massougbodji A, Okê-Sopoh M, Ogouyemi-Hounto A, Kouambeng C, Abdin MS, West P, Elmardi K, Cornelie S, Corbel V, Valecha N, Mathenge E, Kamau L, Lines J, Donnelly MJ. (Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2018-06)

Background: Scale-up of insecticide-based interventions has averted more than 500 million malaria cases since 2000. Increasing insecticide resistance could herald a rebound in disease and mortality. We aimed to investigate ...
Short Communication: Reduced Nevirapine Concentrations Among HIV-Positive Women Receiving Mefloquine for Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria Control During Pregnancy.

Haaland RE, Otieno K, Martin A, Katana A, Dinh C, Slutsker L, Menendez C, Gonzalez R, Williamson J, Heneine W, Desai M. (AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2018-11)

Clinical trials demonstrated intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with mefloquine (MQ) reduced malaria rates among pregnant women, yet an unexpected higher risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV ...
HIV-1 subtype diversity, transmission networks and transmitted drug resistance amongst acute and early infected MSM populations from Coastal Kenya.

Hassan AS, Esbjörnsson J, Wahome E, Thiong'o A, Makau GN, Price MA, Sanders EJ. (PLOS One, 2018-12)

Background: HIV-1 molecular epidemiology amongst men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa remains not well characterized. We aimed to determine HIV-1 subtype distribution, transmission clusters and transmitted ...
Validation of a Swahili version of the World Health Organization 5-item well-being index among adults living with HIV and epilepsy in rural coastal Kenya.

Chongwo E, Ssewanyana D, Nasambu C, Mwangala PN, Mwangi PM, Nyongesa MK, Newton CR, Abubakar A. (Global Health Research and Policy, 2018-09)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization's five item well-being index (WHO-5) when administered to adults living with HIV or epilepsy in a rural ...
Estimated Effect of Temperature on Years of Life Lost: A Retrospective Time-Series Study of Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Regions.

Odhiambo Sewe M, Bunker A, Ingole V, Egondi T, Oudin Åström D, Hondula DM, Rocklöv J, Schumann B. (Environmental Health Perspectives, 2018-01)

Background: Numerous studies have reported a strong association between temperature and mortality. Additional insights can be gained from investigating the effects of temperature on years of life lost (YLL), considering ...
Realizing effectiveness across continents with hydroxyurea: Enrollment and baseline characteristics of the multicenter REACH study in Sub-Saharan Africa.

McGann PT, Williams TN, Olupot-Olupot P, Tomlinson GA, Lane A, Luís Reis da Fonseca J, Kitenge R, Mochamah G, Wabwire H, Stuber S, Howard TA, McElhinney K, Aygun B, Latham T, Santos B, Tshilolo L, Ware RE (American Journal of Hematology, 2018-08)

Despite its well-described safety and efficacy in the treatment of sickle cell anemia (SCA) in high-income settings, hydroxyurea remains largely unavailable in sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 75% of annual SCA births ...
Pragmatism in practice: lessons learned during screening and enrollment for a randomised controlled trial in rural northern Ethiopia.

Molla M, Negussie H, Ngari M, Kivaya E, Njuguna P, Enqueselassie F, Berkley JA, Davey G. (BMC Med, 2018-03)

Background: We use the example of the Gojjam Lymphoedema Best Practice Trial (GoLBeT), a pragmatic trial in a remote rural setting in northern Ethiopia, to extract lessons relevant to other investigators balancing the ...
Higher likelihood of 6- months exclusive breastfeeding among HIV infected than uninfected mothers: a household survey in Kenya.

Okanda J, Otieno G, Kinuthia J, Kohler P, John-Stewart G. (International breastfeeding journal, 2018-11)

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) (breast milk feeding without additional food or drink, except medicine) is associated with deceased risk of postnatal transmission of HIV from mother to child. Methods: This ...
Perspectives on Underlying Factors for Unhealthy Diet and Sedentary Lifestyle of Adolescents at a Kenyan Coastal Setting.

Ssewanyana D, Abubakar A, van Baar A, Mwangala PN, Newton CR. (Front Public Health., 2018-02)

Unhealthy diet and physical inactivity are among the key modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although such diseases often only appear in adulthood, these ...
Companionship during facility-based childbirth: results from a mixed-methods study with recently delivered women and providers in Kenya.

Afulani P, Kusi C, Kirumbi L, Walker D. (BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2018-05)

Background: Research suggests that birth companionship, and in particular, continuous support during labor and delivery, can improve women's childbirth experience and birth outcomes. Yet, little is known about the extent ...
Prevalence and determinants of heavy episodic drinking among adults in Kenya: analysis of the STEPwise survey, 2015.

Kendagor A, Gathecha G, Ntakuka MW, Nyakundi P, Gathere S, Kiptui D, Abubakar H, Ombiro O, Juma P, Ngaruiya C. (BMC Public Health., 2018-11)

Background: Globally, alcohol consumption contributes to 3.3 million deaths and 5.1% of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and its use is linked with more than 200 disease and injury conditions. Our study assessed ...
Hospital Mortality - a neglected but rich source of information supporting the transition to higher quality health systems in low and middle income countries.

English M, Mwaniki P, Julius T, Chepkirui M, Gathara D, Ouma PO, Cherutich P, Okiro EA, Snow RW. (BMC Med, 2018-03)

Background: There is increasing focus on the strength of primary health care systems in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). There are important roles for higher quality district hospital care within these systems. ...
Unclear association between levels of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) in saliva of malaria patients and blood parasitaemia: diagnostic implications?

EA, Nambati Kiarie WC, Kimani F, Kimotho JH, Otinga MS, Too E, Kaniaru S, Limson J, Bulimo W. (Malaria Journal, 2018-01)

Background: The use of saliva in diagnosis of infectious diseases is an attractive alternative to procedures that involve blood drawing. It promises to reduce risks associated with accidental needle pricks and improve ...
Host Decoy Trap (HDT) with cattle odour is highly effective for collection of exophagic malaria vectors.

Abong'o B, Yu X, Donnelly MJ, Geier M, Gibson G, Gimnig J, Ter Kuile F, Lobo NF, Ochomo E, Munga S, Ombok M, Samuels A, Torr SJ, Hawkes FM. (Parasit Vectors, 2018-10)

Background: As currently implemented, malaria vector surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa targets endophagic and endophilic mosquitoes, leaving exophagic (outdoor bloodfeeding) mosquitoes underrepresented. We evaluated the ...

Now showing items 141-160 of 421

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