Browsing KEMRI Research Papers by Title

Browsing KEMRI Research Papers by Title

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  • Applying a gender lens to understand pathways through care for acutely ill young children in Kenyan urban informal settlements 
    Muraya, Kui; Ogutu, Michael; Mwadhi, Mercy; Mikusa, Jennifer; Okinyi, Maureen; Magawi, Charity; Zakayo, Scholastica; Njeru, Rita; Haribondhu, Sarma; Uddin, Md Fakhar; Marsh, Vicki; Walson, Judd L.; Berkley, James; Molyneux, Sassy (BMC, 2021-01)
    Background In many African settings, gender strongly influences household treatment-seeking and decision-making for childhood illnesses. While mothers are often the primary engagers with health facilities, their independence ...
  • Clinical features of bacterial meningitis among hospitalised children in Kenya 
    Obiero, Christina W.; Mturi, Neema; Mwarumba, Salim; Ngari, Moses; Newton, Charles R.; van Hensbroek, Michaël Boele; Berkley, James A. (BMC, 2021-06)
    Background Diagnosing bacterial meningitis is essential to optimise the type and duration of antimicrobial therapy to limit mortality and sequelae. In sub-Saharan Africa, many public hospitals lack laboratory capacity, ...
  • Clinical features to distinguish meningitis among young infants at a rural Kenyan hospital 
    Obiero, Christina W.; Mturi, Neema; Mwarumba, Salim; Ngari, Moses; Newton, Charles; Hensbroek, Michael Boele van; Berkley, James Alexander (BMJ Journals, 2021-02)
    Background: Detection of meningitis is essential to optimise the duration and choice of antimicrobial agents to limit mortality and sequelae. In low and middle-income countries most health facilities lack laboratory capacity ...
  • Designing paper-based records to improve the quality of nursing documentation in hospitals: A scoping review 
    Muinga, Naomi; Abejirinde, Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade; Paton, Chris; Mike, English; Zweekhorst, Marjolein (Wiley Online, 2021-01)
    Background: Inpatient nursing documentation facilitates multi-disciplinary team care and tracking of patient progress. In both high- and low- and middle-income settings, it is largely paper-based and may be used as a ...
  • Detection and Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serotypes by Simple PCR Technologies 
    Kariuki, Samuel; Kiiru, John (Springer Link, 2020-09)
    Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular-based technology that has revolutionized diagnostics and characterization of pathogens, and thus affecting how we understand disease landscape. This technology has been found ...
  • Development and Validation of a Sociodemographic and Behavioral Characteristics-Based Risk-Score Algorithm for Targeting HIV Testing Among Adults in Kenya 
    Muttai, Hellen; Guyah, Bernard; Musingila, Paul; Achia, Thomas; Miruka, Fredrick; Wanjohi, Stella; Dande, Caroline; Musee, Polycarp; Lugalia, Fillet; Onyango, Dickens; Kinywa, Eunice; Okomo, Gordon; Moth, Iscah; Omondi, Samuel; Ayieko, Caren; Nganga, Lucy; Joseph, Rachael H.; Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily (Springer Link, 2021-02)
    To inform targeted HIV testing, we developed and externally validated a risk-score algorithm that incorporated behavioral characteristics. Outpatient data from five health facilities in western Kenya, comprising 19,458 ...
  • Endemic chikungunya fever in Kenyan children: a prospective cohort study 
    Nyamwaya, Doris K.; Otiende, Mark; Omuoyo, Donwilliams O.; Githinji, George; Karanja, Henry K.; Gitonga, John N.; R. de Laurent, Zaydah; Otieno, James R.; Sang, Rosemary; Kamau, Everlyn; Cheruiyot, Stanley; Otieno, Edward; Agoti, Charles N.; Bejon, Philip; Thumbi, Samuel M.; Warimwe, George M. (BMC, 2021-02)
    Background Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) was first described in Tanzania in 1952. Several epidemics including East Africa have occurred, but there are no descriptions of longitudinal surveillance of endemic disease. Here, we ...
  • Examining unit costs for COVID-19 case management in Kenya 
    Barasa, Edwine; Kairu, Angela; Ng'ang'a, Wangari; Maritim, Marybeth; Were, Vincent; Akech, Samuel; Mwangangi, Mercy (BMJ Journals, 2021-04)
    Introduction: We estimated unit costs for COVID-19 case management for patients with asymptomatic, mild-to-moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 disease in Kenya. Methods: We estimated per-day unit costs of COVID-19 ...
  • First do no harm: practitioners' ability to 'diagnose' system weaknesses and improve safety is a critical initial step in improving care quality 
    English, Mike; Ogola, Muthoni; Aluvaala, Jalemba; Gicheha, Edith; Irimu, Grace; McKnight, Jacob; Vincent, Charles A. (BMJ Journals, 2021-04)
    Healthcare systems across the world and especially those in low-resource settings (LRS) are under pressure and one of the first priorities must be to prevent any harm done while trying to deliver care. Health care workers, ...
  • Health system responsiveness: a systematic evidence mapping review of the global literature 
    Khan, Gadija; Kagwanja, Nancy; Whyle, Eleanor; Gilson, Lucy; Molyneux, Sassy; Schaay, Nikki; Tsofa, Benjamin; Barasa, Edwine; Olivier, Jill (BMC, 2021-05)
    Background The World Health Organisation framed responsiveness, fair financing and equity as intrinsic goals of health systems. However, of the three, responsiveness received significantly less attention. Responsiveness ...
  • High Incidence of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Among Food Handlers in Three Areas of Kenya: A Possible Transmission Route of Travelers’ Diarrhea 
    Joseph O. Oundo, MSc, PhD; Samuel M. Kariuki, PhD, Hamadi I. Boga, PhD, Faith W. Muli, PhD, Yoshio Iijima, PhD (2008)
    Background Contaminated food and water are acknowledged vehicles for the transmission of travelers’ diarrhea (TD). Importance of food handlers as reservoirs of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic ...
  • How urban 'informality' can inform response to COVID-19: a research agenda for the future 
    Onditi, Francis; Nyadera, Israel Nyaburi; Obimbo, Moses Madadi; Muchina, Samson Kinyanjui (Springer Link, 2021-01)
    In the era of increasingly defined ontological insecurity and uncertainty driven by the ravages of COVID-19, urban informal settlement has emerged as a source of resilience. Indeed, the effects of a pandemic transcends its ...
  • "I wish to remain HIV negative": Pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence and persistence in transgender women and men who have sex with men in coastal Kenya 
    Kimani, Makobu; van der Elst, Elise M.; Chirro, Oscar; Wahome, Elizabeth; Ibrahim, Fauz; Mukuria, Nana; Rinke de Wit, Tobias F.; Graham, Susan M.; Operario, Don; Sanders, Eduard J. (PLOS One Journals, 2021-01)
    Background: Transgender women (TGW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa have high HIV acquisition risks and can benefit from daily pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We assessed PrEP adherence by measuring ...
  • Immune responses to malaria pre-erythrocytic stages: Implications for vaccine development 
    Abuga, Kelvin Mokaya; Jones-Warner, William; Hafalla, Julius Clemence R. (Wiley Online, 2021-02)
    Radiation-attenuated sporozoites induce sterilizing immunity and remain the 'gold standard' for malaria vaccine development. Despite practical challenges in translating these whole sporozoite vaccines to large-scale ...
  • The importance of supplementary immunisation activities to prevent measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya 
    Mburu, C.N.; Ojal, J.; Chebet, R.; Akech, D.; Karia, B.; Tuju, J.; Sigilai, A.; Abbas, K.; Jit, M.; Funk, S.; Smits, G.; van Gageldonk, P.G.M.; van der Klis, F. R. M.; Tabu, C.; Nokes, D.J.; LSHTM CMMID COVID-19 Working Group; Scott, Jag; Flasche, S.; Adetifa, Imo (BMC, 2021-02)
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine measles immunisation and supplementary immunisation activities (SIAs) in most countries including Kenya. We assessed the risk of measles outbreaks during the pandemic ...
  • Integrating epidemiological and genetic data with different sampling intensities into a dynamic model of respiratory syncytial virus transmission 
    Kombe, Ivy K.; Agoti, Charles N.; Munywoki, Patrick K.; Baguelin, Marc; Nokes, D. James; Medley, Graham F. (PubMed, 2021-01)
    espiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for a significant burden of severe acute lower respiratory tract illness in children under 5 years old; particularly infants. Prior to rolling out any vaccination program, ...
  • Interpersonal psychotherapy delivered by nonspecialists for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among Kenyan HIV-positive women affected by gender-based violence: Randomized controlled trial 
    Meffert, Susan M.; Neylan, Thomas C.; McCulloch, Charles E.; Blum, Kelly; Cohen, Craig R.; Bukusi, Elizabeth A.; Verdeli, Helen; Markowitz, John C.; Kahn, James G.; Bukusi, David; Thirumurthy, Harsha; Rota, Grace; Rota, Ray; Oketch, Grace; Opiyo, Elizabeth; Ongeri, Linnet (PLOS One Journals, 2021-01)
    Background: HIV-positive women suffer a high burden of mental disorders due in part to gender-based violence (GBV). Comorbid depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are typical psychiatric consequences of GBV. ...
  • Longitudinal-Survival Models for Case-Based Tuberculosis Progression 
    Kiplimo, Richard; Kosgei, Mathew; Mwangi, Ann; Onyango, Elizabeth; Ogero, Morris; Koske, Joseph (Frontiers, 2021-04)
    Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) disease continues to be responsible for a high global burden with an estimated 10 million people falling ill each year and an estimated 1.45 million deaths. Widely carried out analyses to ...
  • Malaria is a cause of iron deficiency in African children 
    Muthii Muriuki, John; Mentzer, Alexander J.; Mitchell, Ruth; Webb, Emily L.; Etyang, Anthony O.; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Morovat, Alireza; Kimita, Wandia; Ndungu, Francis M.; Macharia, Alex W.; Ngetsa, Caroline J.; Makale, Johnstone; Lule, Swaib A.; Musani, Solomon K.; Raffield, Laura M.; Cutland, Clare L.; Sirima, Sodiomon B.; Diarra, Amidou; Tiono, Alfred B.; Fried, Michal; Gwamaka, Moses; Adu-Afarwuah, Seth; P. Wirth, James; Wegmüller, Rita; Madhi, Shabir A.; Snow, Robert W.; Hill, Adrian V. S.; Rockett, Kirk A.; Sandhu, Manjinder S.; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P.; Prentice, Andrew M.; Byrd, Kendra A.; Ndjebayi, Alex; Stewart, Christine P.; Engle-Stone, Reina; Green, Tim J.; Karakochuk, Crystal D.; Suchdev, Parminder S.; Bejon, Philip; Duffy, Patrick E.; Davey Smith, George; Elliott, Alison M.; Williams, Thomas N.; Atkinson, Sarah H. (Nature, 2021-02)
    Malaria and iron deficiency (ID) are common and interrelated public health problems in African children. Observational data suggest that interrupting malaria transmission reduces the prevalence of ID1. To test the hypothesis ...
  • Malaria micro-stratification using routine surveillance data in Western Kenya 
    Alegana, Victor A.; Suiyanka, Laurissa; Macharia, Peter M.; Muchangi, Grace Ikahu; Snow, Robert W. (BMC, 2021-01)
    Background There is an increasing need for finer spatial resolution data on malaria risk to provide micro-stratification to guide sub-national strategic plans. Here, spatial-statistical techniques are used to exploit ...

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