• Protective efficacy of a novel simian adenovirus vaccine against lethal MERS-CoV challenge in a transgenic human DPP4 mouse model. 

  Munster VJ, Wells D, Lambe T, Wright D, Fischer RJ, Bushmaker T, Saturday G, van Doremalen N, Gilbert SC, de Wit E, Warimwe GM. (NPJ Vaccines, 2017-10)

  Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel zoonotic virus that causes severe respiratory disease in humans with a case fatality rate close to 40%, but for which no vaccines are available. Here, we ...
• We are toothless and hanging, but optimistic": sub county managers' experiences of rapid devolution in coastal Kenya. 

  Nyikuri MM, Tsofa B, Okoth P, Barasa EW, Molyneux S. (International journal or equity Health, 2017-09)

  Background In March 2013, Kenya transitioned from a centralized to a devolved system of governance. Within the health sector, this entailed the transfer of service provision functions to 47 newly formed semi-autonomous ...
• Molecular typing of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by actin gene sequence analysis and carriage of T. vaginalis viruses. 

  Masha SC, Cools P, Crucitti T, Sanders EJ, Vaneechoutte M. (Parasit Vectors, 2017-10)

  Background The protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common non-viral, sexually transmitted pathogen. Although T. vaginalis is highly prevalent among women in Kenya, there is lack of data regarding genetic ...
• Enhanced Prophylaxis plus Antiretroviral Therapy for Advanced HIV Infection in Africa. 

  Hakim J, Musiime V, Szubert AJ, Mallewa J, Siika A, Agutu C, Walker S, Pett SL, Bwakura-Dangarembizi M, Lugemwa A, Kaunda S, Karoney M, Musoro G, Kabahenda S, Nathoo K, Maitland K, Griffiths A, Thomason MJ, Kityo C, Mugyenyi P, Prendergast AJ, Walker AS, Gibb DM; REALITY Trial Team. (N Engl J Med., 2017-07)

  Background In sub-Saharan Africa, among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the rate of death from infection (including tuberculosis and cryptococcus) shortly after the initiation of ...
• Arbovirus and insect-specific virus discovery in Kenya by novel six genera multiplex highresolution melting analysis. 

  Villinger J, Mbaya MK, Ouso D, Kipanga PN, Lutomiah J, Masiga DK. (Molecular Ecology Resources, 2017-05)

  A broad diversity of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of global health concern are endemic to East Africa, yet most surveillance efforts are limited to just a few key viral pathogens. Additionally, estimates of arbovirus ...
• Characterisation of the opposing effects of G6PD deficiency on cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia. 

  Clarke GM, Rockett K, Kivinen K, Hubbart C, Jeffreys AE, Rowlands K, Jallow M, Conway DJ, Bojang KA, Pinder M, Usen S, Sisay-Joof F, Sirugo G, Toure O, Thera MA, Konate S, Sissoko S, Niangaly A, Poudiougou B, Mangano VD, Bougouma EC, Sirima SB, Modiano D, Amenga-Etego LN, Ghansah A, Koram KA, Wilson MD, Enimil A, Evans J, Amodu OK, Olaniyan S, Apinjoh T, Mugri R, Ndi A, Ndila CM, Uyoga S, Macharia A, Peshu N, Williams TN, Manjurano A, Sepúlveda N, Clark TG, Riley E, Drakeley C, Reyburn H, Nyirongo V, Kachala D, Molyneux M, Dunstan SJ, Phu NH, Quyen NN, Thai CQ, Hien TT, Manning L, Laman M, Siba P, Karunajeewa H, Allen S, Allen A, Davis TM, Michon P, Mueller I, Molloy SF, Campino S, Kerasidou A, Cornelius VJ, Hart L, Shah SS, Band G, Spencer CC, Agbenyega T, Achidi E, Doumbo OK, Farrar J, Marsh K, Taylor T, Kwiatkowski DP; MalariaGEN Consortium. (Elife, 2017-01)

  Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is believed to confer protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but the precise nature of the protective effecthas proved difficult to define as G6PD deficiency ...
• From bouncing back, to nurturing emergence: reframing the concept of resilience in health systems strengthening. 

  Barasa EW, Cloete K, Gilson L. (Health Policy Plan, 2017-11)

  Recent health system shocks such as the Ebola disease outbreak have focused global health attention on the notion of resilient health systems. In this commentary, we reflect on the current framing of the concept of resilience ...
• Gaps in the Child Tuberculosis Care Cascade in 32 Rural Communities in Uganda and Kenya. 

  Mwangwa F, Chamie G, Kwarisiima D, Ayieko J, Owaraganise A, Ruel TD, Plenty A, Tram KH, Clark TD, Cohen CR, Bukusi EA, Petersen M, Kamya MR, Charlebois ED, Havlir DV, Marquez C. (Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, 2017-12)

  Background Reducing tuberculosis (TB) deaths among children requires a better understanding of the gaps in the care cascade from TB diagnosis to treatment completion. We sought to assess the child TB care cascade in 32 ...
• Cord blood IgG and the risk of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the first year of life. 

  Murungi LM, Sondén K, Odera D, Oduor LB, Guleid F, Nkumama IN, Otiende M, Kangoye DT, Fegan G, Färnert A, Marsh K, Osier FH. (International journal of parasitol, 2017-02)

  Young infants are less susceptible to severe episodes of malaria but the targets and mechanisms of protection are not clear. Cord blood antibodies may play an important role in mediating protection but many studies have ...
• Inappropriate prescription of cough remedies among children hospitalised with respiratory illness over the period 2002-2015 in Kenya. 

  Maina M, Akech S, Mwaniki P, Gachau S, Ogero M, Julius T, Ayieko P, Irimu G, English M. (Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2017-03)

  Objective: To examine trends in prescription of cough medicines over the period 2002-2015 in children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted to Kenyan hospitals with cough, difficulty breathing or diagnosed with a respiratory ...
• Cytochrome P450/ABC transporter inhibition simultaneously enhances ivermectin pharmacokinetics in the mammal host and pharmacodynamics in Anopheles gambiae. 

  Chaccour CJ, Hammann F, Alustiza M, Castejon S, Tarimo BB, Abizanda G, Irigoyen Barrio Á, Martí Soler H, Moncada R, Bilbao JI, Aldaz A, Maia M, Del Pozo JL. (Scientific Reports, 2017-08)

  Mass administration of endectocides, drugs that kill blood-feeding arthropods, has been proposed as a complementary strategy to reduce malaria transmission. Ivermectin is one of the leading candidates given its excellent ...
• Longitudinal estimation of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in relation to malaria prevention measures in six sub-Saharan African countries. 

  Drakeley C, Abdulla S, Agnandji ST, Fernandes JF, Kremsner P, Lell B, Mewono L, Bache BE, Mihayo MG, Juma O, Tanner M, Tahita MC, Tinto H, Diallo S, Lompo P, D'Alessandro U, Ogutu B, Otieno L, Otieno S, Otieno W, Oyieko J, Asante KP, Dery DB, Adjei G, Adeniji E, Atibilla D, Owusu-Agyei S, Greenwood B, Gesase S, Lusingu J, Mahende C, Mongi R, Segeja M, Adjei S, Agbenyega T, Agyekum A, Ansong D, Bawa JT, Boateng HO, Dandalo L, Escamilla V, Hoffman I, Maenje P, Martinson F, Carter T, Leboulleux D, Kaslow DC, Usuf E, Pirçon JY, Bahmanyar ER. (Malaria Journal, 2017-10)

  Background Plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR) is a widely used metric for assessing malaria transmission intensity. This study was carried out concurrently with the RTS,S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine Phase III trial ...
• Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae invasive infections over a decade at Kilifi County Hospital in Kenya. 

  Henson SP, Boinett CJ, Ellington MJ, Kagia N, Mwarumba S, Nyongesa S, Mturi N, Kariuki S, Scott JAG, Thomson NR, Morpeth SC. (Int J Med Microbiol., 2017-10)

  Multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Recent years have seen an explosion of resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and emergence of carbapenem ...
• Gendered negotiations for research participation in community-based studies: implications for health research policy and practice. 

  Kamuya DM, Molyneux CS, Theobald S. (BMJ Glob Health., 2017-06)

  There is a growing literature documenting the complex realities of consent processes in the field, and the negotiations and ethical dilemmas involved. Much has also been written about how gender and power shape household ...
• Knowledge, practices and perceptions of geo-helminthes infection among parents of pre-school age children of coastal region, Kenya. 

  Masaku J, Mwende F, Odhiambo G, Musuva R, Matey E, Kihara JH, Thuita IG, Njomo DW. (PLoS neglected tropical diseases., 2017-03)

  Background: Soil-transmitted helminthes (STHs) are common human parasitic diseases in most of the developing world particularly in Kenya. The ongoing National SchoolBased Deworming Programme (NSBDP) was launched in 2012 ...
• Micro-epidemiological structuring of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> parasite populations in regions with varying transmission intensities in Africa. 

  Omedo I, Mogeni P, Bousema T, Rockett K, Amambua-Ngwa A, Oyier I, C Stevenson J, Y Baidjoe A, de Villiers EP, Fegan G, Ross A, Hubbart C, Jeffreys A, N Williams T, Kwiatkowski D, Bejon P. (Wellcome Open Research, 2017-09)

  Background: The first models of malaria transmission assumed a completely mixed and homogeneous population of parasites. Recent models include spatial heterogeneity and variably mixed populations. However, there are few ...
• An exploration of mortality risk factors in non-severe pneumonia in children using clinical data from Kenya. 

  Tuti T, Agweyu A, Mwaniki P, Peek N, English M; Clinical Information Network Author Group. (BMC Med, 2017-11)

  Background: Childhood pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years old. Recent updates to World Health Organization pneumonia guidelines recommend outpatient care for a population ...
• Dengue and yellow fever virus vectors: seasonal abundance, diversity and resting preferences in three Kenyan cities. 

  Agha SB, Tchouassi DP, Bastos ADS, Sang R. (Parasit Vectors, 2017-12)

  Background: The transmission patterns of dengue (DENV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, especially in urban settings, are influenced by Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquito abundance and behavior. Despite recurrent dengue outbreaks ...
• Child height gain is associated with consumption of animalsource foods in livestock-owning households in Western Kenya. 

  Mosites E, Aol G, Otiang E, Bigogo G, Munyua P, Montgomery JM, Neuhouser ML, Palmer GH, Thumbi SM. (Public Health Nutrition, 2017-02)

  Objective: To clarify the pathways between household livestock and child growth by assessing the relationships between consumption of animal-source foods (ASF) and child growth and evaluating the household livestock ...
• Intravenous rehydration of malnourished children with acute gastroenteritis and severe dehydration: A systematic review. 

  Houston KA, Gibb JG, Maitland K. (Wellcome Open Research, 2017-08)

  Background: Rehydration strategies in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and severe dehydration are extremely cautious. The World Health Organization (WHO) SAM guidelines advise strongly against intravenous ...

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