Abstract:
HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) are among the major causes of morbidity
and mortality worldwide, with HIV affecting approximately 40.3 million people
worldwide. Sub-Sahara Africa bears the greatest burden for both HIV and HB Virus
in the world HIV prevalence ranges between 1.7% to 5.5% in northern Africa and
from 5.5% to 9.5% in the sub Sahara Africa. HBV infections also ranges from 3%-
5% in northern Africa to 10%-20% in sub Sahara Africa. A cross-sectional study
was used to determine the prevalence and associated factors for HBV and HIV in
south Sudan. About 251 participants were recruited consented. Then data was
collected using semi-structure questionnaires and Epi-Info version 3.4.3 was used
for data analysis. The overall sero-prevalence of HIV was 23% and 15% for HBV.
HIV sero-prevalence was highest among females in the age groups of 30-34 years
and 35-39 years. HBV sero-prevalence was highest among males aged below 15
years. The risk factors for HIV were being over 30 years of age, alcohol
consumption and not-using of condoms during sexual intercourse. The protective
factors for HIV were being circumcised, being single which indicate abstinence
from sexual activity. No risk or protective factors for HBV were established. There
is also need for targeted intervention programs among the population at risk for
HIV. Also introduction of HBV vaccination in the Expanded Immunization Program
(EPI) in southern Sudan for children <15 years, pregnant mothers, school children,
health workers is vitally essential to the reduction of HBV incidence in southern
Sudan.
