Applying a multi-layered, mixed methods approach to evaluate technology and workforce interventions in Kenyan neonatal units

Abstract

Implementing healthcare innovations in resource-poor settings requires complex interventions and evaluations, often straining existing healthcare systems. This project aimed to address this challenge in Kenyan neonatal hospitals by deeply integrating community engagement, layered methodologies, and leveraging broad research team's strengths.

The study investigated workforce shortages and technology implementation by examining the impact of new staff introductions on care quality, staff, and family experiences within an existing neonatal technology program. Researchers employed participatory design to strengthen post-discharge care continuity and technology governance. The project's objectives were to understand technology implementation from a systems perspective and enhance capacity for rigorous evaluation through an embedded research approach.

Collaborating with stakeholders, the project co-designed a multidisciplinary study, analyzing routine health data before and after staff introductions and creating novel data collection tools. Continuous feedback from participants, stakeholders, and researchers informed an adaptive approach, adjusting timelines and methods to minimize participant burden. This iterative process allowed for robust data collection to inform health system improvements.

The findings are expected to provide insights into implementing healthcare innovations in resource-constrained settings and emphasize ethical, context-sensitive research practices for sustainable health system strengthening.