Factors Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake in Naivasha District, Kenya

Abstract

The objective was to determine and explore factors associated with cervical cancer screening uptake among women attending the family planning clinic at a public hospital in Naivasha District. A concurrent triangulation mixed study method was used. Using systematic sampling, 384 women aged 18-49 years of age were enrolled into the study. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires. After purposive sampling 7 key informant interviews and 2 focus group discussions were conducted using interview guides among women treated at the family planning clinic. Data from the quantitative study was analyzed for descriptive statistics, bivariate (unpaired student’s t-test, Chi-square) and multivariate analysis (Binary logistic regression analysis) while themes were used to analyze data from the qualitative study. Using multivariate analysis, employment status, usual treatment center, risk of cervical cancer, having heard of cervical cancer and knowing someone who had been screened were factors found to be significantly associated with cervical cancer screening uptake. Large number of clients, inadequate screening rooms, inadequate information and misconception of facts on cervical cancer screening were identified as common barriers to uptake of screening. Hospital talks were the most preferred source of getting information related to cervical cancer. In conclusion, policy makers should establish a comprehensive strategy that ensures programs in health facilities and outreaches educate those accessing their facilities well so as to increase cervical cancer screening uptake.