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Introduction: the persistence of HIV/AIDS as a significant global health concern is particularly pronounced in developing nations, where 35 million people are affected, with 70% residing in sub-Saharan Africa. Annually, 2.1 million new infections emerge, translating to 5,700 daily cases. Sub-Saharan Africa experiences a staggering 1.1 million AIDS-related deaths each year, underscoring the imperative to manage opportunistic infections (OIs) among HIV/AIDS patients. This study aimed to discern the prevalence and associated factors of OIs among HIV/AIDS patients.
Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2019 as MDH CCC, a facility catering to outpatient care and serving as a referral center for OIs in HIV/AIDS patients in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study enrolled 196 HIV-positive patients aged 18 and above. Data collection involved the use of structured questionnaires, following ethical approval from KNH/UON ethical Review Committee.
Results: females (62.4%) and individuals aged 36-50 years (69.6%) experienced a higher prevalence of OIs. The divorced/separated demographic exhibited the highest prevalence at 75.8%. Tuberculosis emerged as the predominant infection (41.5%), particularly affecting those with two to five sexual partners (75%). Significant associations were established with age group (p=0.003), income (p=0.0001), and treatment duration (p=0.041).
Conclusion: opportunistic infections exhibited a higher prevalence among females and individuals aged 36-50 years. Education and income were correlated with tuberculosis, the most prevalent infection, especially in patients with diminished CD4+ T-cell counts. Addressing these factors is paramount for effective HIV/AIDS management and public health interventions. |
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