The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most highly genetically diverse viruses
known. This extensive genetic variation has many implications on anti-retroviral drug response,
viral transmission and vaccine ...
Although many mosquito species develop within agricultural landscapes where they are
potentially exposed to agricultural chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides), the effects of
these chemicals on mosquito biology remain ...
Erectile dysfunction drug (EDD) use has gained popularity among older men for
enhancement and treatment of erectile dysfunction in recent years. Increased number of
sexual partners and sexual activity due to EDD use ...
Malaria accounts for approximately 21% of out-patient visits annually in Kenya.
Prompt and accurate malaria diagnosis is critical to ensure proper treatment. In 2013,
formal malaria microscopy refresher training for ...
Treatment failure is a key challenge in the management of HIV-1 infection, with multiple
viral and host dependent variables as well as socio-demographic factors variously
influencing treatment outcome. A mixed-model ...
Rabies, a vaccine preventable disease, is considered a zoonotic disease of great public
health importance due to its near 100% case fatality rate once clinical signs develop. The
domestic dog is considered the main cause ...
In Kenya, women living with HIV account for 52%of the 1.5million people living
with HIV. With advent of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), many HIV positive women
have become pregnant intentionally or unintentionally. In 2009, ...
Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) are among re-emerging bacterial strains associated with
outbreaks of severe diarrhoea and multiple drug resistance. Our objectives were to
characterize DEC among diarrheal patients attending ...
Cancer has become a major source of morbidity and mortality globally. About 86%
of the cases of cervical cancer occur in developing countries. Kenya has a population
of 10.32 million women 15 years and older who are at ...
Majority of people infected with HIV-1 in the developing countries continue to benefit
from scaled-up access to antiretroviral medications. But the frequent appearance of drug
resistance mutations poses significant threats ...
Malnutrition is a serious condition that occurs when a person‟s diet doesn't contain the
right amount of nutrients. It is a chronic public health problem among under-five
children in the developing world. In Kenya it is ...
The rise of alcohol, tobacco and substance use in Kenya today necessitates a hands-on
and cost-effective approach to reverse this trend. Studies show that primary healthcare
workers are best placed to provide necessary ...
Non-adherence to diabetic medication has been shown to contribute to poor glycemic
control leading to development of complications. Given that patients’ adherence to
prescribed oral diabetic medication assessment is rare ...
Oral diseases are the most prevalent non-communicable public health problems affecting
about 3.58 billion people globally, with dental caries being the most prevalent condition
(Oral Health - World Health Organization, ...
Pregnancy is one of the leading reasons for adolescent girls dropping out of secondary
schools in Kenya. Teenage pregnancy presents several challenges to the teenage girl
including: maternal mortality, negative outcome ...
Reducing maternal mortality remains one of the targets of the Sustainable
Development Goals that has not been achieved in sub-Saharan Africa. While there is
evidence that institutional delivery and skilled attendance are ...
Medication non-adherence is a global problem facing health care providers treating adult
Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. It results in disease progression, development of
complications, premature disability and death. ...
Contamination of maize by fungi represents significant health and economic problems
in developing countries as well as the developed world. Fungicides are used to control
plant fungal infections in fruits and vegetables ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of hospital infections and is intrinsically
resistant to most antimicrobials. Emergence of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas
aeruginosa has been reported and poses a great challenge ...
Geophagy, the regular and deliberate consumption of non-food substances like soil is
said to be common among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to
investigate geophagy among pregnant women who attended ...